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Tyrosine (abbreviated as Tyr or Y)or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one ofthe 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codonsare UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. Theword "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it wasfirst discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the proteincasein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional groupor side chain.yrosine is a precursor to neurotransmitters and increases plasmaneurotransmitter levels (particularly DOPAM and norepinephrine) but haslittle if any effect on mood. The effect on mood is more noticeable in humanssubjected to stressful conditions.